 |
Author:
|
Dr. P. Yowan Jeba Raj, M.Sc., B.Ed.,
Ph.D.
|
e-mail:
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3. Abutilon indicum (or) Indian Abutilon:
It is a species of plant in Abutilon genus (which having 220 species) in Malvaceae family.
1.1. Plant Photo Pose(s):
1.2. Brows
pages on:
(1). Systematic & common name(s)
(2). Local types of the plant
(3). Scientific classification
(4). Plant photo-gallery
(5). Plant description(s) & morphological
form(s)
(6). Chromosome number
(7). Phyto-chemistry
(8). Traditional applications
(9). Medicinal applications
(10). List of species
1.2.1.
Systematic & Common Name(s)
Indian abutilon
|
Abutilon indicum
|
(L.), Sweet
|
1826
|
|
Binomial name
|
Common name(s)
|
Tamil name(s)
|
(in
English)
|
|
Abutilon indicum
|
1
|
Indian
abutilon
|
Jj;jp
|
Thuthii
|
(Synonyms Link)
|
2
|
Indian
mallow
|
gzpahuj;Jj;jp
|
Paniyarathuthi
|
1.2.2. Local
Types of the Plant:
Sl. No.
|
Local types
|
Botanical name
|
Othernames
|
(in English)
|
|
1.
|
|||||
Abutilon hirtum
|
1
|
||||
2
|
|||||
2.
|
|||||
Abutilon indicum
|
1
|
||||
2
|
|||||
3
|
|||||
3.
|
(in
English)
|
(meaning)
|
|||
Abutilon pannosum
|
1
|
||||
4.
|
|||||
Abutilon persicum
|
|||||
5.
|
|||||
Abutilon theophrasti
|
1.2.3. Scientific
Classification:
Indian abutilon
|
Abutilon indicum
|
(L.), Sweet
|
1826
|
||
Sl. No.
|
Categories
|
Sub-categories
|
|||
1.
|
Empire (or Domain):
|
Eukaryote
|
Sub-empire (or Sub-domain):
|
---
|
|
2.
|
Kingdom:
|
Plantae
|
Sub-kingdom:
|
---
|
|
3.
|
Division (or Phylum):
|
Tracheophyta
|
Sub-division (or Sub-phylum):
|
---
|
|
4.
|
Class:
|
Magnoliopsida
|
Sub-class:
|
Dilleniidae
|
|
5.
|
Order:
|
Malvales
|
Sub-order:
|
---
|
|
6.
|
Family:
|
Malvaceae
|
Sub-family:
|
Malvoideae
|
|
*
|
Tribe:
|
Malveae
|
Sub-tribe:
|
---
|
|
7.
|
Genus:
|
Abutilon
|
Sub-genus:
|
---
|
|
*
|
Section:
|
---
|
Sub-section:
|
---
|
|
8.
|
Species:
|
indicum
|
Sub-species:
|
---
|
|
*
|
Binomial name:
|
Abutilon
indicum
|
|||
1.2.4. Plant
Photo-gallery:
----- (Content under construction progress)
1.2.5. Plant
Description(s) & Morphological Form(s):
Abutilon indicum
is an erect, perennialal, undershrub type plant. It has single leaves with large
petiolate. It is grown with tap root and the leaves are appeared as white-faded
green, green colour with base-cardated, margin, ovate or orbiculare shape,
crenate-serrate margin and acute or acuminate apex.
Sl. No.
|
Specifications
|
Ref.
|
|
Plant
|
1
|
||
1.
|
Plant
type
|
Undershrub
(or) Shrub
|
1
|
2.
|
Edibility
|
Edible
|
|
3.
|
Growth
habit
|
Erect
|
1
|
4.
|
Branching
|
Highly
branched
|
|
5.
|
Life
time
|
Perennial
|
1
|
6.
|
Plant
height
|
0.5
m - 1.5 m (minimum: 15 cm – 20 cm)
|
1
|
7.
|
Plant
broad
|
0.5
m - 1 m
|
1
|
Root
|
1
|
||
6.
|
Root
- type
|
Taproot
|
1
|
7.
|
Root
- secondary
|
Available
|
1
|
Stem(s)
|
Woody
|
1
|
|
8.
|
Stem
– type
|
Cylinderical
|
1
|
9.
|
Stem
– color
|
White-faded
green→white-faded brown
|
1
|
Leaves
|
---
|
1
|
|
10.
|
Petiole
– length
|
2
– 6 cm
|
|
11.
|
Petiole
– type
|
Alone
|
|
12.
|
Leaf
– height
|
4-20
cm
|
1
|
13.
|
Leaf
– broad
|
3-12
cm
|
1
|
14.
|
Leaf
– type
|
Single
|
1
|
15.
|
Leaf
– color
|
Whitish
green, green or pale green colour
|
1
|
16.
|
Leaf
– arrangement
|
Spiral
|
1
|
17.
|
Leaf
– shape
|
Ovate
to Orbicular shape
|
1
|
18.
|
Leaf
– base
|
Cardate
base
|
1
|
19.
|
Leaf
– margin
|
Crenate-dendate
margin
|
1
|
20.
|
Leaf
– apex
|
Acute
or acuminate apex
|
1
|
Flowers
|
1
|
||
21.
|
Flower
– sexuality
|
Bi-sexual
|
1
|
22.
|
Flower
– buds position
|
Axial
|
1
|
23.
|
Flower
–size
|
3
- 6 cm
|
1
|
24.
|
Flower
– shape
|
1
|
|
25.
|
Flower
– color
|
Orange,
Yellow, Sandal or (Red+Orange)
|
1
|
26.
|
Flowers
– in punch
|
Single
|
1
|
Fruits
|
1
|
||
27.
|
Fruit
– size
|
3
cm x 3.5 cm
|
1
|
28.
|
Fruit
– shape
|
Circularly
arranged (15 to 21) packets (15, 17, 19 or 21)
|
1
|
29.
|
Fruit
– dimension
|
1
|
|
30.
|
Immatured
unripe-fruits
|
---
(pale green)
|
1
|
31.
|
Matured
unripe-fruits
|
---
(green)
|
1
|
32.
|
Ripe-fruits
|
---
(brown)
|
1
|
33.
|
Dried
ripe-fruits
|
---
(black)
|
1
|
Seeds
|
1
|
||
34.
|
Seeds
per fruit
|
45-63
seeds
|
1
|
35.
|
Seed
– color
|
Flesh
color or Brown color
|
1
|
36.
|
Seed
– size
|
1
cm x 1.5 cm
|
1
|
37.
|
Seed
– shape
|
Disk
shaped
|
1
|
1.2.6.
Chromosome number:
The chromosome number
for Abutilon indicum is observed is
as follows:
Binomial name
|
Chromosome
number
|
||
2n
|
n
|
x
|
|
Abutilon indicum
|
42,
16, 36, 72, 84
|
21,
8, 18, 36, 42
|
21
|
1.2.7. Phyto-chemistry
(or Phyto-chemical Compounds):
Some of the phytochemical
constituents of Indian abutilon (i.e., Abutilon indicum) are:
Sl. No.
|
Specifications
|
Entry
|
|
1.
|
|||
1.1.
|
Abutilin
A
|
1
|
|
1.2.
|
(R)-N-(1'methoxycarbonyl-2'-phenylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzamide
|
2
|
|
2.
|
Alkalaoids (3 Numbers)
|
||
2.1.
|
3
|
||
2.2.
|
4
|
||
2.3.
|
5
|
||
3.
|
Amides (2 Numbers)
|
||
3.1.
|
Aurantiamide
acetate
|
6
|
|
3.2.
|
7
|
||
4.
|
Coumarins (3 Numbers)
|
||
4.1.
|
Methyl
coumarate
|
8
|
|
4.2.
|
trans-p-Coumarinic acid
|
9
|
|
4.3.
|
Scopoletin
|
10
|
|
4.4.
|
Scoparon
|
||
4.5.
|
3,7-Dihydroxychromen-2-one
|
||
5.
|
Benzenoids (12 Numbers)
|
||
5.1.
|
Benzoic
acid
|
11
|
|
5.2.
|
p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde
|
12
|
|
5.3.
|
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid
|
13
|
|
5.4.
|
4-Hydroxyacetophenone
|
14
|
|
5.5.
|
Vanillin
|
15
|
|
5.6.
|
Vanillinic
acid
|
16
|
|
5.7.
|
Syringaldehyde
|
17
|
|
5.8.
|
Methyl
indole-3-carboxylate
|
18
|
|
5.9.
|
Methylparaben
|
19
|
|
5.10.
|
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-trans-cinnamic
acid methyl ester
|
||
5.11.
|
Methyl
4-hydroxyphenyl acetate
|
20
|
|
21
|
|||
6.
|
Ionones (2 Numbers)
|
22
|
|
6.1.
|
3-Hydroxy-β-damascone
|
||
6.2.
|
3-Hydroxy-β-ionol
|
23
|
|
7.
|
Nucleosids (4 Numbers)
|
24
|
|
7.1.
|
Thymine
|
||
7.2.
|
Adenine
|
25
|
|
7.1.
|
Adenosine
|
26
|
|
7.2.
|
N-Feruloyltyrosine
|
27
|
|
8.
|
Steroids (2 Numbers)
|
||
8.1.
|
β-Sitosterol
|
28
|
|
8.2.
|
Stigmasterol
|
29
|
|
9.
|
Vitamines
|
||
9.1.
|
Riboflavin
|
30
|
|
10.
|
β-carboline
|
||
10.1.
|
1-Lycoperodine
|
31
|
|
10.2.
|
1-Methoxycarbonyl-β-carboline
|
32
|
|
1.2.8. Traditional
Applications:
1. The roots and leaves are used
for curing fever.
2. The whole plant have the
medicinal property.
3. Various parts of the plant; viz., roots, stems, barks, leaves,
flowers and seeds were have medicinal properties.
4. The crushed leaves, leave
infusion, rrot decoction were used for curing various skin diseases.
5. The plant is employed as the
Siddha medicine.
6. The plant is also eaten as a
green vegetable.
----- (Content under construction progress)
1.2.9. Medicinal
Applications:
It is used as:
1.
analgesic,
2.
anthelmintic,
3.
anti-diabetic,
4.
anti-inflammatory,
5.
aphrodisiac,
6.
astringent,
7.
demulcent,
8.
diuretic,
9.
expectorant,
10.
laxative,
11.
and sedative agents.
12.
It is also useful to
treat gonorrhea, lebrosy, liver disorder, lumbago, and ulcers.
----- (Content
under construction progress)
1.2.10. List of
Species:
Sl. No.
|
Local types
|
Habit
|
Common name(s)
|
Tamil
name(s)
|
|
1.
|
Abutilon hirtum
|
||||
L. 1753
|
Herb
|
1
|
---
|
---
|
|
2
|
|||||
2.
|
Abutilon indicum
|
||||
L. 1753
|
Undershrub
|
1
|
---
|
---
|
|
2
|
|||||
3.
|
Abutilon pannosum
|
||||
L. 1753
|
Shrub
|
1
|
---
|
---
|
|
2
|
|||||
3
|
|||||
4
|
|||||
5
|
|||||
6
|
|||||
4.
|
Abutilon persicum
|
||||
L. 1753
|
Herb
|
1
|
---
|
---
|
|
2
|
|||||
3
|
|||||
4
|
|||||
5
|
|||||
5.
|
Abutilon pictum
|
||||
L. 1753
|
Shrub
|
1
|
---
|
---
|
|
2
|
|||||
6.
|
Abutilon ramosum
|
||||
Herb
|
1
|
---
|
---
|
||
7.
|
Abutilon ranadei
|
||||
Undershrub
|
1
|
---
|
---
|
||
8.
|
Abutilon theophrasti
|
||||
Undershrub
|
1
|
---
|
---
|
References:
1. Sweet, Hort. Brit.,
1826, 1, 54.
2. A. Gill, R. Kaur, Cytologia, 2016, 81(4), 379-382.
3. Abutilon indicum – Wikipedia
4. P.-C. Kuo, M.-L. Yang, P.-L. Wu, H.-N. Shih,
T.N. Thang, N.X. Dung, T.-S. Wu, J. Asian
Nat. Prod. Res., 2008, 10(7), 689-693.
----- (Content
under construction progress)
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